The Truckee runs approximately 110 miles from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake. It was once the spawning ground for massive Lahontan Cutthroat trout. Today, it supports a good population of rainbow and brown trout, and has become one of the most popular fishing destinations in California and Nevada.

The upper section of the river is paralleled by Highway 89, providing road access to anglers. It is heavily stocked and trout pushing 20 inches can be caught, although most average 9-12 inches. The upper section is also a popular summer destination for rafters and swimmers.

The section from the confluence of Trout Creek to Boca Reservoir is a designated wild trout area. Strict and specific regulations are in effect here though solid populations of wild rainbows and browns do exist. This section is paralleled by I-80, giving plenty of access, although there is a private section owned by the San Francisco Fly Casting Club.

Below Boca Reservoir, approaching the Nevada border, the river enters a large canyon making access difficult. This lower section of river, running to the town of Reno, holds the largest fish. Browns and rainbows 6 pounds or greater inhabit this section.

Lahontan Cutthroat are being reintroduced to the Truckee in California and Nevada. Other species that inhabit the river include mountain whitefish, largemouth and smallmouth bass, carp, and cutbows.

Runoff occurring from March through June can make fishing difficult. Early summer provides prolific insect hatches, putting the trout on the bite. Caddis, stoneflies, and mayflies are all on the menu. Fall offers the largest fish, packing on their weight before winter. The river is open to fishing in the winter although the fish are more lethargic in the cold water.